Hydraulic cylinders are the mechanical devices that are used in different types of production units for transferring power. They provide linear force in one axis either in one direction or both the directions. Inside the cylinder, Pressure of the oil acts against the surface area of a piston to produce motion.

These cylinders are playing a major role in most of the applications. Most of the car parts and heavy machineries can be easily operated by using the principles of hydraulic. In addition to these, there are many other equipments and machineries like elevators, excavator, injection molding machines, bulldozers and many other automobiles. For any industry, hydraulic cylinders are considered as a workhorse to produce their desired amount of production. They make the function of any production unit very easy and smooth. They are the simplest form of machines that are used to transfer effective power to many different types of machineries and automobiles.

Parts of Hydraulic Cylinders and Their Roles :

The cylinder is typically made up of 4 or 5 components:

- Tube
- Piston (optional)
- Rod
- Gland
- End cap

In a typical hydraulic cylinder with a piston oil is fed in at either end via some type of ‘port’ and the piston is sealed to the tube by a double acting seal and also between the rod and the gland by a single acting seal. In addition, you will usually find a wiper seal is used in the gland to keep dirt out. This illustration is known as a double acting cylinder.

It is the pressure acting upon the piston surface which causes a the hydraulic cylinder to produce a linear movement. Because the rod is fixed to the piston, it moves too. Application of hydraulic pressure through the port to one side of the piston causes it to move in one direction, and application of pressure through the port to the opposite side of the piston will cause it to move in the opposite direction.

In a single acting cylinder, oil only acts on one side of the piston so it can only be mechanically moved in one direction. An external force (gravity, or sometimes a spring or another hydraulic cylinder) provides force in the opposite direction.

Single acting cylinders can also be of the “displacement” type where the oil pressure acts directly on the end of the rod, and there is no piston. In this cylinder design the force is limited by the surface area of the rod, whereas in a cylinder with a piston, the rod can be of any size and the force can be calculated or controlled by the piston design.

Typically one end of the tube is fixed and on the end of the rod is attached the object to be moved, although it is possible to fix the end of the rod, and attach the object being moved to the end of the tube.

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